Top non-EU exporter to EU
Brazil
2025
About Cattle
With huge historical deforestation associated with the production of cattle, estimated at nearly 50 million hectares between 2001-2023, cattle production is the number one ranking agricultural activity linked to forest destruction, biodiversity loss, and linked social violations, predominantly in Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. The top-5 global producers of cattle are the United States of America, Brazil, China, Argentina, and Australia. Also in Australia, beef production is a primary driver of deforestation. The main bovine cattle products imported in Europe include tanned/wet blue leather hides (34% import share of the cattle products relevant under the EUDR in 2024), fresh beef (28%), and frozen beef (14%). While beef is the primary economic driver of cattle production, the sale and processing of leather hides provide significant revenue for the sector. In 2024, leather accounted for one-quarter of the value of all cattle products in the EUDR’s scope imported by the EU, representing one of the most significant global exposures of the EU market to deforestation embodied in trade.
Brazil
Top EU importer
Italy
2025
HS products covered
11
cattle products in EUDR scope
Forest-risk origin countries
39
sourcing cattle to the EU · 2025
Top-5 global producers of Cattle
No FAO data is available for cattle in 2025.
FAO production data for cattle is available in 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024. Pick one of those years in the sidebar to see the producer breakdown.
EU import overview · Cattle
Every HS code that falls under the cattle commodity group (in scope of EUDR), the total non-EU import volume per code, and the share each code holds within the commodity group for 2025.
Description
Total non-EU imports (MT)
010221
Pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Pure-bred
291
MT
0.0%
010229
Not pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Other (e.x. cattle for meat production or dairy that are not specifically pure-bred breeding stock)
1,481
MT
0.0%
0201
Fresh beef
Bovine meat, fresh or chilled
196,664
MT
27.0%
0202
Frozen beef
Bovine meat, frozen
127,393
MT
18.0%
020610
Beef offal fresh
Edible offal of bovine, fresh or chilled
7,983
MT
1.0%
020622
Beef livers
Edible bovine livers, frozen
170
MT
0.0%
020629
Beef offal frozen
Edible bovine offal (excluding tongues and livers), frozen
6,196
MT
1.0%
160250
Processed beef
Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal, blood of bovine animals
15,848
MT
2.0%
4101
Raw leather hides
Raw hides and skins of cattle (fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split
110,006
MT
15.0%
4104
Tanned leather hides
Tanned or crust hides and skins of cattle, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared (wet-blue)
227,771
MT
32.0%
4107
Prepared leather
Leather of cattle, further prepared after tanning or crusting
27,124
MT
4.0%
Top-5 EU importers per HS code
For each cattle HS code, the five EU member states importing the highest volume from non-EU origins. Each cell shows the country flag, name, share of that HS code's non-EU imports, and (on hover) the absolute volume.
Product
Top 5 EU importers
010221
Pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Pure-bred
291
MT
52.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
152 MT
152 MT
25.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
74 MT
74 MT
10.4%
% of total imports for this HS code
30 MT
30 MT
4.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
12 MT
12 MT
4.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
12 MT
12 MT
010229
Not pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Other (e.x. cattle for meat production or dairy that are not specifically pure-bred breeding stock)
1,481
MT
88.8%
% of total imports for this HS code
1,315 MT
1,315 MT
6.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
97 MT
97 MT
1.9%
% of total imports for this HS code
28 MT
28 MT
1.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
17 MT
17 MT
0.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
10 MT
10 MT
0201
Fresh beef
Bovine meat, fresh or chilled
196,664
MT
38.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
75,686 MT
75,686 MT
16.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
31,985 MT
31,985 MT
15.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
30,809 MT
30,809 MT
9.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
18,686 MT
18,686 MT
7.9%
% of total imports for this HS code
15,591 MT
15,591 MT
0202
Frozen beef
Bovine meat, frozen
127,393
MT
34.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
43,664 MT
43,664 MT
27.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
34,393 MT
34,393 MT
10.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
12,972 MT
12,972 MT
9.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
12,184 MT
12,184 MT
9.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
11,685 MT
11,685 MT
020610
Beef offal fresh
Edible offal of bovine, fresh or chilled
7,983
MT
46.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
3,724 MT
3,724 MT
34.4%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,747 MT
2,747 MT
13.4%
% of total imports for this HS code
1,073 MT
1,073 MT
4.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
369 MT
369 MT
0.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
55 MT
55 MT
020622
Beef livers
Edible bovine livers, frozen
170
MT
41.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
69 MT
69 MT
21.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
36 MT
36 MT
13.9%
% of total imports for this HS code
23 MT
23 MT
11.9%
% of total imports for this HS code
20 MT
20 MT
11.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
19 MT
19 MT
020629
Beef offal frozen
Edible bovine offal (excluding tongues and livers), frozen
6,196
MT
65.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
4,034 MT
4,034 MT
13.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
838 MT
838 MT
8.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
524 MT
524 MT
3.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
213 MT
213 MT
2.8%
% of total imports for this HS code
172 MT
172 MT
160250
Processed beef
Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal, blood of bovine animals
15,848
MT
21.9%
% of total imports for this HS code
3,467 MT
3,467 MT
19.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
3,101 MT
3,101 MT
13.8%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,185 MT
2,185 MT
12.8%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,025 MT
2,025 MT
7.4%
% of total imports for this HS code
1,168 MT
1,168 MT
4101
Raw leather hides
Raw hides and skins of cattle (fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split
110,006
MT
52.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
57,167 MT
57,167 MT
12.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
13,326 MT
13,326 MT
9.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
10,067 MT
10,067 MT
5.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
6,153 MT
6,153 MT
4.9%
% of total imports for this HS code
5,364 MT
5,364 MT
4104
Tanned leather hides
Tanned or crust hides and skins of cattle, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared (wet-blue)
227,771
MT
84.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
192,756 MT
192,756 MT
6.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
14,774 MT
14,774 MT
2.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
6,107 MT
6,107 MT
1.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,826 MT
2,826 MT
1.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,763 MT
2,763 MT
4107
Prepared leather
Leather of cattle, further prepared after tanning or crusting
27,124
MT
55.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
15,010 MT
15,010 MT
8.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,212 MT
2,212 MT
7.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,029 MT
2,029 MT
6.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
1,829 MT
1,829 MT
5.8%
% of total imports for this HS code
1,564 MT
1,564 MT
HS
4104
Tanned leather hides
Tanned or crust hides and skins of cattle, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared (wet-blue)
Total
227.8 K
MT
Tanned leather hides
Tanned or crust hides and skins of cattle, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared (wet-blue)
Top 5 importers
-
1
Italy
84.6%
-
2
Spain
6.5%
-
3
Portugal
2.7%
-
4
Poland
1.2%
-
5
France
1.2%
HS
0201
Fresh beef
Bovine meat, fresh or chilled
Total
196.7 K
MT
Fresh beef
Bovine meat, fresh or chilled
Top 5 importers
-
1
Netherlands
38.5%
-
2
France
16.3%
-
3
Germany
15.7%
-
4
Ireland
9.5%
-
5
Italy
7.9%
HS
0202
Frozen beef
Bovine meat, frozen
Total
127.4 K
MT
Frozen beef
Bovine meat, frozen
Top 5 importers
-
1
Italy
34.3%
-
2
Netherlands
27.0%
-
3
Spain
10.2%
-
4
Ireland
9.6%
-
5
France
9.2%
HS
4101
Raw leather hides
Raw hides and skins of cattle (fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split
Total
110.0 K
MT
Raw leather hides
Raw hides and skins of cattle (fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split
Top 5 importers
-
1
Italy
52.0%
-
2
Sweden
12.1%
-
3
France
9.2%
-
4
Austria
5.6%
-
5
Netherlands
4.9%
HS
4107
Prepared leather
Leather of cattle, further prepared after tanning or crusting
Total
27.1 K
MT
Prepared leather
Leather of cattle, further prepared after tanning or crusting
Top 5 importers
-
1
Italy
55.3%
-
2
Spain
8.2%
-
3
Poland
7.5%
-
4
Germany
6.7%
-
5
Netherlands
5.8%
HS
160250
Processed beef
Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal, blood of bovine animals
Total
15.8 K
MT
Processed beef
Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal, blood of bovine animals
Top 5 importers
-
1
Netherlands
21.9%
-
2
Ireland
19.6%
-
3
Italy
13.8%
-
4
Belgium
12.8%
-
5
Germany
7.4%
HS
020610
Beef offal fresh
Edible offal of bovine, fresh or chilled
Total
8.0 K
MT
Beef offal fresh
Edible offal of bovine, fresh or chilled
Top 5 importers
-
1
France
46.6%
-
2
Ireland
34.4%
-
3
Germany
13.4%
-
4
Netherlands
4.6%
-
5
Spain
0.7%
HS
020629
Beef offal frozen
Edible bovine offal (excluding tongues and livers), frozen
Total
6.2 K
MT
Beef offal frozen
Edible bovine offal (excluding tongues and livers), frozen
Top 5 importers
-
1
France
65.1%
-
2
Netherlands
13.5%
-
3
Ireland
8.5%
-
4
Portugal
3.5%
-
5
Spain
2.8%
HS
010229
Not pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Other (e.x. cattle for meat production or dairy that are not specifically pure-bred breeding stock)
Total
1.5 K
MT
Not pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Other (e.x. cattle for meat production or dairy that are not specifically pure-bred breeding stock)
Top 5 importers
-
1
Spain
88.8%
-
2
Romania
6.6%
-
3
Germany
1.9%
-
4
Bulgaria
1.2%
-
5
Austria
0.7%
HS
010221
Pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Pure-bred
Total
291
MT
Pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Pure-bred
Top 5 importers
-
1
Spain
52.2%
-
2
Poland
25.6%
-
3
Austria
10.4%
-
4
Italy
4.3%
-
5
Germany
4.3%
HS
020622
Beef livers
Edible bovine livers, frozen
Total
170
MT
Beef livers
Edible bovine livers, frozen
Top 5 importers
-
1
Netherlands
41.1%
-
2
France
21.7%
-
3
Ireland
13.9%
-
4
Estonia
11.9%
-
5
Germany
11.7%
Top-5 non-EU exporters per HS code
For each cattle HS code, the five non-EU origins
supplying the highest volume to the EU. Countries flagged as
forest-risk for cattle carry the deforestation icon
next to the country name.
Product
Top 5 non-EU exporters
010221
Pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Pure-bred
291
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
0.0%
% of total exports for this HS code
0.11 MT
0.11 MT
010229
Not pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Other (e.x. cattle for meat production or dairy that are not specifically pure-bred breeding stock)
1,481
MT
0201
Fresh beef
Bovine meat, fresh or chilled
196,674
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
27.9%
% of total exports for this HS code
54,854 MT
54,854 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
12.4%
% of total exports for this HS code
24,381 MT
24,381 MT
0202
Frozen beef
Bovine meat, frozen
127,573
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
46.2%
% of total exports for this HS code
58,891 MT
58,891 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
6.4%
% of total exports for this HS code
8,127 MT
8,127 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
5.2%
% of total exports for this HS code
6,628 MT
6,628 MT
020610
Beef offal fresh
Edible offal of bovine, fresh or chilled
7,983
MT
020622
Beef livers
Edible bovine livers, frozen
176
MT
020629
Beef offal frozen
Edible bovine offal (excluding tongues and livers), frozen
6,210
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
1.6%
% of total exports for this HS code
98 MT
98 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
0.7%
% of total exports for this HS code
44 MT
44 MT
160250
Processed beef
Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal, blood of bovine animals
15,899
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
57.2%
% of total exports for this HS code
9,090 MT
9,090 MT
4101
Raw leather hides
Raw hides and skins of cattle (fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split
110,270
MT
4104
Tanned leather hides
Tanned or crust hides and skins of cattle, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared (wet-blue)
227,772
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
34.8%
% of total exports for this HS code
79,321 MT
79,321 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
9.4%
% of total exports for this HS code
21,488 MT
21,488 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
6.1%
% of total exports for this HS code
13,874 MT
13,874 MT
4107
Prepared leather
Leather of cattle, further prepared after tanning or crusting
27,184
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
37.4%
% of total exports for this HS code
10,179 MT
10,179 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
23.9%
% of total exports for this HS code
6,505 MT
6,505 MT
HS
4104
Tanned leather hides
Tanned or crust hides and skins of cattle, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared (wet-blue)
Total
227.8 K
MT
Tanned leather hides
Tanned or crust hides and skins of cattle, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared (wet-blue)
Top 5 exporters
-
1
Brazil
34.8%
-
2
United States
17.6%
-
3
New Zealand
10.3%
-
4
Paraguay
9.4%
-
5
Australia
6.1%
HS
0201
Fresh beef
Bovine meat, fresh or chilled
Total
196.7 K
MT
Fresh beef
Bovine meat, fresh or chilled
Top 5 exporters
-
1
United Kingdom
31.0%
-
2
Argentina
27.9%
-
3
Uruguay
14.3%
-
4
Brazil
12.4%
-
5
United States
6.3%
HS
0202
Frozen beef
Bovine meat, frozen
Total
127.6 K
MT
Frozen beef
Bovine meat, frozen
Top 5 exporters
-
1
Brazil
46.2%
-
2
United Kingdom
18.2%
-
3
Uruguay
14.2%
-
4
Argentina
6.4%
-
5
Namibia
5.2%
HS
4101
Raw leather hides
Raw hides and skins of cattle (fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split
Total
110.3 K
MT
Raw leather hides
Raw hides and skins of cattle (fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split
Top 5 exporters
-
1
United Kingdom
33.7%
-
2
Norway
14.0%
-
3
Switzerland
12.9%
-
4
United States
8.0%
-
5
Serbia
6.1%
HS
4107
Prepared leather
Leather of cattle, further prepared after tanning or crusting
Total
27.2 K
MT
Prepared leather
Leather of cattle, further prepared after tanning or crusting
Top 5 exporters
-
1
Brazil
37.4%
-
2
India
23.9%
-
3
Türkiye
7.3%
-
4
Pakistan
5.9%
-
5
South Africa
4.1%
HS
160250
Processed beef
Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal, blood of bovine animals
Total
15.9 K
MT
Processed beef
Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal, blood of bovine animals
Top 5 exporters
-
1
Brazil
57.2%
-
2
United Kingdom
36.2%
-
3
North Macedonia
3.1%
-
4
Serbia
2.0%
-
5
New Zealand
0.9%
HS
020610
Beef offal fresh
Edible offal of bovine, fresh or chilled
Total
8.0 K
MT
Beef offal fresh
Edible offal of bovine, fresh or chilled
Top 5 exporters
-
1
United Kingdom
86.4%
-
2
Switzerland
13.4%
-
3
Canada
0.1%
-
4
Uruguay
0.0%
-
5
New Zealand
0.0%
HS
020629
Beef offal frozen
Edible bovine offal (excluding tongues and livers), frozen
Total
6.2 K
MT
Beef offal frozen
Edible bovine offal (excluding tongues and livers), frozen
Top 5 exporters
-
1
United Kingdom
75.9%
-
2
New Zealand
11.1%
-
3
Uruguay
9.0%
-
4
Argentina
1.6%
-
5
Australia
0.7%
HS
010229
Not pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Other (e.x. cattle for meat production or dairy that are not specifically pure-bred breeding stock)
Total
1.5 K
MT
Not pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Other (e.x. cattle for meat production or dairy that are not specifically pure-bred breeding stock)
Top 5 exporters
-
1
United Kingdom
89.0%
-
2
Serbia
6.6%
-
3
Switzerland
3.0%
-
4
North Macedonia
1.2%
-
5
Andorra
0.2%
HS
010221
Pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Pure-bred
Total
291
MT
Pure-bred breeding cattle
Live bovine animals - Pure-bred
Top 5 exporters
-
1
United Kingdom
78.0%
-
2
Switzerland
19.9%
-
3
Canada
2.0%
-
4
India
0.0%
-
5
China
0.0%
HS
020622
Beef livers
Edible bovine livers, frozen
Total
176
MT
Beef livers
Edible bovine livers, frozen
Top 5 exporters
-
1
New Zealand
63.4%
-
2
United Kingdom
20.5%
-
3
Norway
12.7%
-
4
Iceland
0.0%
-
5
United States
0.0%
Cattle trade heatmaps
Where cattle enters the EU in 2025. Use the
toggle inside the map to switch views:
Import
shades each EU member state by its share of the EU's
cattle imports.
Export shades
each non-EU country by how much of the EU's cattle
imports originates from there.
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