Top non-EU exporter to EU
China
2025
About Rubber
Originally from South America, rubber trees currently also grow in other tropical regions of the globe, namely in Southeast Asia and West Africa, in countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, and Liberia. Under the European Union (EU) Deforestation Regulation, rubber is one of the seven commodity groups in scope. Historical deforestation associated with the production of natural rubber is estimated at nearly 2 million hectares between 2001-2023, mostly in Côte d’Ivoire, Thailand, and Vietnam. In the EU, 75 percent of the natural rubber consumed is used in the tyre industry. Therefore, tyre companies such as Michelin, Pirelli, and Goodyear, and automakers, such as BMW, Mercedes, Renault, and Volkswagen are large, European-based companies that have a crucial role in demand and consumption dynamics, influencing trade flows and the supply chain itself through their purchasing practices.
China
Top EU importer
Germany
2025
HS products covered
12
rubber products in EUDR scope
Forest-risk origin countries
63
sourcing rubber to the EU · 2025
Top-5 global producers of Rubber
No FAO data is available for rubber in 2025.
FAO production data for rubber is available in 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024. Pick one of those years in the sidebar to see the producer breakdown.
EU import overview · Rubber
Every HS code that falls under the rubber commodity group (in scope of EUDR), the total non-EU import volume per code, and the share each code holds within the commodity group for 2025.
Description
Total non-EU imports (MT)
4001
Natural rubber
Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
1,050,502
MT
21.0%
4005
Compounded rubber
Compounded rubber, unvulcanised, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
87,314
MT
2.0%
4006
Unvulcanised rubber
Unvulcanised rubber in other forms (e.g., rods, tubes, and profile shapes)
5,720
MT
0.0%
4007
Vulcanised rubber thread
Vulcanised rubber thread and cord
9,796
MT
0.0%
4008
Vulcanised rubber plates
Plates, sheets, strips, rods and profile shapes, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
118,330
MT
2.0%
4010
Rubber belts
Conveyor or transmission belts or belting, of vulcanised rubber, other than hard rubber
93,953
MT
2.0%
4011
New pneumatic rubber tyres
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber
2,705,282
MT
54.0%
4012
Used pneumatic rubber tyres
Retreaded or used pneumatic tyres of rubber
119,838
MT
2.0%
4013
Inner tubes
Inner tubes, of rubber
25,723
MT
1.0%
4015
Rubber apparel and accessories
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories (including gloves, mittens and mitts), for all purposes of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
355,129
MT
7.0%
4016
Other rubber articles
Other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, not elsewhere specified in chapter 40
415,042
MT
8.0%
4017
Hard rubber
Hard rubber (i.e., ebonite) in all forms including waste and scrap
3,426
MT
0.0%
Top-5 EU importers per HS code
For each rubber HS code, the five EU member states importing the highest volume from non-EU origins. Each cell shows the country flag, name, share of that HS code's non-EU imports, and (on hover) the absolute volume.
Product
Top 5 EU importers
4001
Natural rubber
Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
1,050,502
MT
15.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
157,929 MT
157,929 MT
12.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
127,587 MT
127,587 MT
10.8%
% of total imports for this HS code
113,279 MT
113,279 MT
9.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
100,293 MT
100,293 MT
9.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
96,415 MT
96,415 MT
4005
Compounded rubber
Compounded rubber, unvulcanised, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
87,314
MT
31.4%
% of total imports for this HS code
27,432 MT
27,432 MT
16.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
14,510 MT
14,510 MT
12.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
11,087 MT
11,087 MT
10.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
8,688 MT
8,688 MT
5.8%
% of total imports for this HS code
5,080 MT
5,080 MT
4006
Unvulcanised rubber
Unvulcanised rubber in other forms (e.g., rods, tubes, and profile shapes)
5,720
MT
43.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,462 MT
2,462 MT
14.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
830 MT
830 MT
10.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
578 MT
578 MT
9.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
553 MT
553 MT
6.9%
% of total imports for this HS code
396 MT
396 MT
4007
Vulcanised rubber thread
Vulcanised rubber thread and cord
9,796
MT
36.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
3,523 MT
3,523 MT
10.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
979 MT
979 MT
9.4%
% of total imports for this HS code
920 MT
920 MT
6.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
606 MT
606 MT
6.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
602 MT
602 MT
4008
Vulcanised rubber plates
Plates, sheets, strips, rods and profile shapes, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
118,330
MT
24.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
28,622 MT
28,622 MT
15.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
17,713 MT
17,713 MT
8.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
10,317 MT
10,317 MT
8.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
9,812 MT
9,812 MT
7.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
8,290 MT
8,290 MT
4010
Rubber belts
Conveyor or transmission belts or belting, of vulcanised rubber, other than hard rubber
93,953
MT
21.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
20,275 MT
20,275 MT
17.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
16,545 MT
16,545 MT
15.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
14,718 MT
14,718 MT
10.8%
% of total imports for this HS code
10,138 MT
10,138 MT
8.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
8,142 MT
8,142 MT
4011
New pneumatic rubber tyres
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber
2,705,282
MT
18.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
501,116 MT
501,116 MT
12.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
324,663 MT
324,663 MT
11.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
299,286 MT
299,286 MT
9.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
249,523 MT
249,523 MT
9.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
243,761 MT
243,761 MT
4012
Used pneumatic rubber tyres
Retreaded or used pneumatic tyres of rubber
119,838
MT
28.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
33,809 MT
33,809 MT
16.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
19,523 MT
19,523 MT
12.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
14,401 MT
14,401 MT
10.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
11,987 MT
11,987 MT
9.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
11,152 MT
11,152 MT
4013
Inner tubes
Inner tubes, of rubber
25,723
MT
19.9%
% of total imports for this HS code
5,106 MT
5,106 MT
16.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
4,194 MT
4,194 MT
11.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,917 MT
2,917 MT
10.9%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,812 MT
2,812 MT
9.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
2,475 MT
2,475 MT
4015
Rubber apparel and accessories
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories (including gloves, mittens and mitts), for all purposes of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
355,129
MT
24.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
86,838 MT
86,838 MT
11.4%
% of total imports for this HS code
40,504 MT
40,504 MT
11.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
39,931 MT
39,931 MT
10.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
35,901 MT
35,901 MT
9.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
32,562 MT
32,562 MT
4016
Other rubber articles
Other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, not elsewhere specified in chapter 40
415,042
MT
27.3%
% of total imports for this HS code
113,104 MT
113,104 MT
10.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
44,411 MT
44,411 MT
9.1%
% of total imports for this HS code
37,569 MT
37,569 MT
8.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
33,049 MT
33,049 MT
7.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
28,923 MT
28,923 MT
4017
Hard rubber
Hard rubber (i.e., ebonite) in all forms including waste and scrap
3,426
MT
31.2%
% of total imports for this HS code
1,067 MT
1,067 MT
27.0%
% of total imports for this HS code
926 MT
926 MT
8.5%
% of total imports for this HS code
291 MT
291 MT
7.6%
% of total imports for this HS code
258 MT
258 MT
5.7%
% of total imports for this HS code
194 MT
194 MT
HS
4011
New pneumatic rubber tyres
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber
Total
2.7 M
MT
New pneumatic rubber tyres
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber
Top 5 importers
-
1
Germany
18.5%
-
2
Netherlands
12.0%
-
3
Italy
11.1%
-
4
France
9.2%
-
5
Spain
9.0%
HS
4001
Natural rubber
Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
Total
1.1 M
MT
Natural rubber
Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
Top 5 importers
-
1
Spain
15.0%
-
2
Germany
12.1%
-
3
Belgium
10.8%
-
4
Italy
9.5%
-
5
Poland
9.2%
HS
4016
Other rubber articles
Other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, not elsewhere specified in chapter 40
Total
415.0 K
MT
Other rubber articles
Other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, not elsewhere specified in chapter 40
Top 5 importers
-
1
Germany
27.3%
-
2
Netherlands
10.7%
-
3
France
9.1%
-
4
Spain
8.0%
-
5
Poland
7.0%
HS
4015
Rubber apparel and accessories
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories (including gloves, mittens and mitts), for all purposes of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
Total
355.1 K
MT
Rubber apparel and accessories
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories (including gloves, mittens and mitts), for all purposes of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
Top 5 importers
-
1
Germany
24.5%
-
2
Italy
11.4%
-
3
Netherlands
11.2%
-
4
Spain
10.1%
-
5
Poland
9.2%
HS
4012
Used pneumatic rubber tyres
Retreaded or used pneumatic tyres of rubber
Total
119.8 K
MT
Used pneumatic rubber tyres
Retreaded or used pneumatic tyres of rubber
Top 5 importers
-
1
Germany
28.2%
-
2
Belgium
16.3%
-
3
Netherlands
12.0%
-
4
France
10.0%
-
5
Italy
9.3%
HS
4008
Vulcanised rubber plates
Plates, sheets, strips, rods and profile shapes, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
Total
118.3 K
MT
Vulcanised rubber plates
Plates, sheets, strips, rods and profile shapes, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
Top 5 importers
-
1
Netherlands
24.2%
-
2
Germany
15.0%
-
3
Italy
8.7%
-
4
Spain
8.3%
-
5
France
7.0%
HS
4010
Rubber belts
Conveyor or transmission belts or belting, of vulcanised rubber, other than hard rubber
Total
94.0 K
MT
Rubber belts
Conveyor or transmission belts or belting, of vulcanised rubber, other than hard rubber
Top 5 importers
-
1
Netherlands
21.6%
-
2
Germany
17.6%
-
3
Italy
15.7%
-
4
Poland
10.8%
-
5
Spain
8.7%
HS
4005
Compounded rubber
Compounded rubber, unvulcanised, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
Total
87.3 K
MT
Compounded rubber
Compounded rubber, unvulcanised, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
Top 5 importers
-
1
Belgium
31.4%
-
2
Germany
16.6%
-
3
Spain
12.7%
-
4
Italy
10.0%
-
5
Poland
5.8%
HS
4013
Inner tubes
Inner tubes, of rubber
Total
25.7 K
MT
Inner tubes
Inner tubes, of rubber
Top 5 importers
-
1
Germany
19.9%
-
2
Netherlands
16.3%
-
3
France
11.3%
-
4
Spain
10.9%
-
5
Italy
9.6%
HS
4007
Vulcanised rubber thread
Vulcanised rubber thread and cord
Total
9.8 K
MT
Vulcanised rubber thread
Vulcanised rubber thread and cord
Top 5 importers
-
1
Italy
36.0%
-
2
Spain
10.0%
-
3
Poland
9.4%
-
4
Greece
6.2%
-
5
Sweden
6.1%
HS
4006
Unvulcanised rubber
Unvulcanised rubber in other forms (e.g., rods, tubes, and profile shapes)
Total
5.7 K
MT
Unvulcanised rubber
Unvulcanised rubber in other forms (e.g., rods, tubes, and profile shapes)
Top 5 importers
-
1
Netherlands
43.1%
-
2
Germany
14.5%
-
3
Romania
10.1%
-
4
Czechia
9.7%
-
5
Belgium
6.9%
HS
4017
Hard rubber
Hard rubber (i.e., ebonite) in all forms including waste and scrap
Total
3.4 K
MT
Hard rubber
Hard rubber (i.e., ebonite) in all forms including waste and scrap
Top 5 importers
-
1
Belgium
31.2%
-
2
France
27.0%
-
3
Netherlands
8.5%
-
4
Spain
7.6%
-
5
Italy
5.7%
Top-5 non-EU exporters per HS code
For each rubber HS code, the five non-EU origins
supplying the highest volume to the EU. Countries flagged as
forest-risk for rubber carry the deforestation icon
next to the country name.
Product
Top 5 non-EU exporters
4001
Natural rubber
Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
1,050,548
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
38.3%
% of total exports for this HS code
402,352 MT
402,352 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
22.9%
% of total exports for this HS code
240,238 MT
240,238 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
13.8%
% of total exports for this HS code
145,349 MT
145,349 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
8.7%
% of total exports for this HS code
91,031 MT
91,031 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
6.5%
% of total exports for this HS code
68,717 MT
68,717 MT
4005
Compounded rubber
Compounded rubber, unvulcanised, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
87,368
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
16.5%
% of total exports for this HS code
14,413 MT
14,413 MT
4006
Unvulcanised rubber
Unvulcanised rubber in other forms (e.g., rods, tubes, and profile shapes)
5,722
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
9.4%
% of total exports for this HS code
537 MT
537 MT
4007
Vulcanised rubber thread
Vulcanised rubber thread and cord
9,822
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
39.5%
% of total exports for this HS code
3,875 MT
3,875 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
28.4%
% of total exports for this HS code
2,785 MT
2,785 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
8.1%
% of total exports for this HS code
800 MT
800 MT
4008
Vulcanised rubber plates
Plates, sheets, strips, rods and profile shapes, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
118,507
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
11.5%
% of total exports for this HS code
13,626 MT
13,626 MT
4010
Rubber belts
Conveyor or transmission belts or belting, of vulcanised rubber, other than hard rubber
94,031
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
4.1%
% of total exports for this HS code
3,822 MT
3,822 MT
4011
New pneumatic rubber tyres
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber
2,708,105
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
10.5%
% of total exports for this HS code
285,122 MT
285,122 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
7.5%
% of total exports for this HS code
201,759 MT
201,759 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
7.4%
% of total exports for this HS code
199,702 MT
199,702 MT
4012
Used pneumatic rubber tyres
Retreaded or used pneumatic tyres of rubber
121,173
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
5.1%
% of total exports for this HS code
6,161 MT
6,161 MT
4013
Inner tubes
Inner tubes, of rubber
25,737
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
21.8%
% of total exports for this HS code
5,616 MT
5,616 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
10.2%
% of total exports for this HS code
2,615 MT
2,615 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
7.1%
% of total exports for this HS code
1,832 MT
1,832 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
4.1%
% of total exports for this HS code
1,052 MT
1,052 MT
4015
Rubber apparel and accessories
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories (including gloves, mittens and mitts), for all purposes of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
359,841
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
23.8%
% of total exports for this HS code
85,684 MT
85,684 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
11.3%
% of total exports for this HS code
40,545 MT
40,545 MT
4016
Other rubber articles
Other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, not elsewhere specified in chapter 40
416,348
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
12.6%
% of total exports for this HS code
52,492 MT
52,492 MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
2.8%
% of total exports for this HS code
11,456 MT
11,456 MT
4017
Hard rubber
Hard rubber (i.e., ebonite) in all forms including waste and scrap
3,710
MT
There is deforestation risk for commodities from this country
3.0%
% of total exports for this HS code
112 MT
112 MT
HS
4011
New pneumatic rubber tyres
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber
Total
2.7 M
MT
New pneumatic rubber tyres
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber
Top 5 exporters
-
1
China
41.0%
-
2
India
10.5%
-
3
Türkiye
8.5%
-
4
Thailand
7.5%
-
5
Korea, Republic of
7.4%
HS
4001
Natural rubber
Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
Total
1.1 M
MT
Natural rubber
Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
Top 5 exporters
-
1
Côte d’Ivoire
38.3%
-
2
Thailand
22.9%
-
3
Indonesia
13.8%
-
4
Malaysia
8.7%
-
5
Viet Nam
6.5%
HS
4016
Other rubber articles
Other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, not elsewhere specified in chapter 40
Total
416.3 K
MT
Other rubber articles
Other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, not elsewhere specified in chapter 40
Top 5 exporters
-
1
China
41.7%
-
2
Türkiye
17.6%
-
3
India
12.6%
-
4
Serbia
3.7%
-
5
Thailand
2.8%
HS
4015
Rubber apparel and accessories
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories (including gloves, mittens and mitts), for all purposes of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
Total
359.8 K
MT
Rubber apparel and accessories
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories (including gloves, mittens and mitts), for all purposes of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
Top 5 exporters
-
1
China
48.4%
-
2
Malaysia
23.8%
-
3
Thailand
11.3%
-
4
United Kingdom
6.2%
-
5
Sri Lanka
4.1%
HS
4012
Used pneumatic rubber tyres
Retreaded or used pneumatic tyres of rubber
Total
121.2 K
MT
Used pneumatic rubber tyres
Retreaded or used pneumatic tyres of rubber
Top 5 exporters
-
1
Sri Lanka
34.3%
-
2
United Kingdom
14.9%
-
3
Switzerland
14.4%
-
4
Japan
5.1%
-
5
China
4.8%
HS
4008
Vulcanised rubber plates
Plates, sheets, strips, rods and profile shapes, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
Total
118.5 K
MT
Vulcanised rubber plates
Plates, sheets, strips, rods and profile shapes, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber
Top 5 exporters
-
1
China
40.7%
-
2
Türkiye
13.9%
-
3
United States
13.7%
-
4
India
11.5%
-
5
United Kingdom
5.1%
HS
4010
Rubber belts
Conveyor or transmission belts or belting, of vulcanised rubber, other than hard rubber
Total
94.0 K
MT
Rubber belts
Conveyor or transmission belts or belting, of vulcanised rubber, other than hard rubber
Top 5 exporters
-
1
China
76.5%
-
2
Türkiye
8.3%
-
3
India
4.1%
-
4
United Kingdom
3.9%
-
5
Taiwan
1.5%
HS
4005
Compounded rubber
Compounded rubber, unvulcanised, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
Total
87.4 K
MT
Compounded rubber
Compounded rubber, unvulcanised, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip
Top 5 exporters
-
1
United Kingdom
38.5%
-
2
Türkiye
21.9%
-
3
Thailand
16.5%
-
4
United States
8.9%
-
5
China
3.1%
HS
4013
Inner tubes
Inner tubes, of rubber
Total
25.7 K
MT
Inner tubes
Inner tubes, of rubber
Top 5 exporters
-
1
China
47.3%
-
2
Viet Nam
21.8%
-
3
Korea, Republic of
10.2%
-
4
Thailand
7.1%
-
5
India
4.1%
HS
4007
Vulcanised rubber thread
Vulcanised rubber thread and cord
Total
9.8 K
MT
Vulcanised rubber thread
Vulcanised rubber thread and cord
Top 5 exporters
-
1
Thailand
39.5%
-
2
Malaysia
28.4%
-
3
Türkiye
10.4%
-
4
India
8.1%
-
5
China
5.7%
HS
4006
Unvulcanised rubber
Unvulcanised rubber in other forms (e.g., rods, tubes, and profile shapes)
Total
5.7 K
MT
Unvulcanised rubber
Unvulcanised rubber in other forms (e.g., rods, tubes, and profile shapes)
Top 5 exporters
-
1
Belarus
35.2%
-
2
China
25.1%
-
3
Thailand
9.4%
-
4
Türkiye
8.1%
-
5
Ukraine
7.5%
HS
4017
Hard rubber
Hard rubber (i.e., ebonite) in all forms including waste and scrap
Total
3.7 K
MT
Hard rubber
Hard rubber (i.e., ebonite) in all forms including waste and scrap
Top 5 exporters
-
1
China
67.0%
-
2
Morocco
5.4%
-
3
India
3.0%
-
4
United Kingdom
2.9%
-
5
Switzerland
2.7%
Rubber trade heatmaps
Where rubber enters the EU in 2025. Use the
toggle inside the map to switch views:
Import
shades each EU member state by its share of the EU's
rubber imports.
Export shades
each non-EU country by how much of the EU's rubber
imports originates from there.
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